Pleuropneumonia in two horses caused by a tracheobronchial foreign body

Two horses suffering from a cough, purulent foul smelling nasal discharge, inappetence and intermittent fever were hospitalised at the Equine Clinic in Brno from 2008–2010. A diagnosis was made on the basis of endoscopic examination which revealed a foreign body (thorny branchlet) in the right caudal lobe bronchus in both horses. Pleuropneumonia developed as a complication in both horses. Following endoscopic extraction of the foreign bodies, both horses were treated using antibiotics and drainage of the pleural cavity. One of the patients recovered, the second was subjected to euthanasia at the request of the owner.     

用光催化氧化法处理驱蚊酯生产中的废水的研究

对用光催化氧化处理驱蚊酯废水的可行性进行了试验研究,探讨了反应时间、催化剂用量及废水溶液初始质量浓度对CODC r去除率的影响.以光催化剂T iO2用量、光照时间、溶液初始质量浓度等为影响因素的正交实验结果表明,原水稀释25倍、光催化剂用量0.47w t%、反应时间120 m in时CODC r去除率最高,同时研究了催化剂种类对废水降解性能的影响.     

Response of litter decomposition and soil C and N transformations in a Norway spruce thinning stand to removal of logging residue

Increasing demand for production of bioenergy has led to an interest in forest management which uses logging residue from both clear-cuttings and thinning stands. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of removal of logging residue in a thinning Norway spruce stand on (1) litter decomposition and (2) soil microbial processes in C and N cycling and the quality of soil organic matter. The study site was a 40-year-old Norway spruce stand growing on a relatively fertile site. During thinning, logging residue was either removed (whole-tree harvest) or left on the site (stem-only harvest). Different types of material in the logging residue, from main branches to needles, were weighed separately into mesh bags. The bags were placed above the moss layer in the whole-tree harvest treatment and in the logging residue layer in the stem-only harvest treatment, and decomposition was monitored for 5 years after treatment. From the humus layer, samples were taken 10 years after treatment. Harvest method affected the mass loss of the litter material very little but the C-to-N ratio of the remaining material was slightly higher in whole-tree harvest than in stem-only harvest, particularly in the needle material. In the humus layer samples, taken 10 years after treatment, the rate of C mineralization was lower in whole-tree harvest than in stem-only harvest; also the rate of net N mineralization and the amounts of C and N in the microbial biomass tended to be lower, although not statistically significantly. Removal of logging residue had no effect on pH (pHH₂O$\text{p}{\text{H}}_{{\text{H}}_2\text{O}}$ 3.9 in both treatments) or C-to-N ratio (28 in both treatments) in the humus layer. The concentrations of total water-soluble phenols and an important group of phenols, condensed tannins, were both lower in the humus layer of whole-tree harvest than in that of stem-only harvest. Concentrations of sesqui-, di- or triterpenes in the humus layer were similar in both treatments. In conclusion, 10 years after harvest, soil microbial activities and organic matter characteristics in whole-tree harvest differed from those in stem-only harvest.     

海燕酸脱除液中各元素含量的分析

分别用盐酸和乙酸作为制备海燕Asterina pectinifera体壁胶原蛋白前处理的灰质脱除液,研究了其灰质脱除效果及两种脱除液中各元素的含量。结果表明：乙酸灰质脱除液中有益元素含量钙、镁分别为10.53、0.44 mg/mL,锰、锌、铁、硒分别为4.37、2.98、7.50、0.033μg/mL,除锌、硒含量外,其余有益元素的含量均高于0.4 mol/L盐酸灰质脱除液中的含量,且乙酸对重金属砷的脱除效果也优于盐酸的脱除效果。极差分析结果表明：当乙酸浓度为0.6 mol/L、浸泡时间为3 d、乙酸的添加量为海燕体壁粉的15倍时,乙酸对海燕体壁灰质的脱除效果最好。这说明可以用乙酸来替代盐酸脱除海燕体壁的灰质,既有利于海燕胶原蛋白的制备,又有利于脱除海燕灰质液的综合利用。     

木制品表面砂光除尘系统设计

对木制品砂光过程中的粉尘处理技术进行了相关研究,采用室内旋风袋式分离器一级除尘与气力输送室外水雾二级除尘相结合的方式,研制出一套适合木制品生产企业砂光作业的高效除尘系统。其除尘效率高,除尘效果及设计通用性好。     

Plant Recovery and Grain-Yield Formation in Barley and Triticale Following Forage Removal at Two Cutting Stages

The effects of cutting stage on plant recovery and grain-yield formation were analyzed in three barley and three spring triticale genotypes for two sowing dates and two sites in northeastern Spain. Harvesting treatments were (i) uncut or control, (ii) cut at the pseudostem erection stage, and (iii) cut at the first node detectable stage. Plant recovery after forage removal was affected by environmental conditions, sowing date, and plant stage at cutting. There were genotypic differences in the rate of recovery after cutting. The later the plant stage at cutting, the greater were the reductions in dry-matter accumulation, leaf-area expansion, leaf-area duration after anthesis and grain-yield components, and the increases in the inverse of leaf area ratio (1/LAR) and in grain:leaf ratio. In barley, photosynthesis after anthesis was the main source of assimilates for grain filling. Photosynthesis after anthesis, which was a greater contributor than reserve remobilization to grain filling in both uncut and cut at the pseudostem erection stage treatments in triticale, was reduced when the plants were subjected to the stress of forage removal at the first-detectable-node stage.     

热电厂机械通风除尘系统设计

通过对机械通风除尘系统设计要点、抽风量的确定及除尘设备的选择几方面，论述了热电厂机械通风除尘系统的设计。     

农业氮污染治理技术中脱氮菌的研究进展

农业生产中运用到大量氮肥,肥料中过量氮流入水中,导致水中氮浓度过高,对生态环境造成极大的影响,治理水中氮污染问题是现代农业生存的关键。生物脱氮因其简单高效、稳定、无二次污染等特点,成为去除水中氮污染的热点。脱氮菌是生物脱氮技术的核心,研究新型高效脱氮菌对生物脱氮技术的发展有着重要意义。目前,关于脱氮菌的研究越来越多,包括脱氮菌分离鉴定、影响因素及实际应用。研究表明,在分离鉴定研究中,大多数脱氮菌的状态为有颜色的圆形菌落,基本都属杆状菌;在影响因素研究中,不管是硝化细菌还是反硝化细菌,最佳温度在30～35℃之间,最佳pH为中性或弱酸弱碱性,硝化细菌的最佳碳氮比在10左右,而反硝化细菌的碳氮比在7左右;在实际应用探究中,发现混合菌比单菌的脱氮效果更为明显,但其中的组合配比仍需进一步研究。生物脱氮技术的研究仍处于实验室阶段,筛选更多高效菌株,优化其脱氮效果,并应用于实际生产中,对我国农业氮污染治理有重要社会价值。     

环棱螺与河蚬摄食率、滤水率及对小球藻清除率研究

研究环棱螺与河蚬的摄食率、滤水率及对小球藻的清除率,为其在水体水质调控和生态修复方面的应用提供理论基础。环棱螺和河蚬均采集于湖南省益阳市大通湖,小球藻购于武汉水生生物研究所淡水藻种库,试验在18个2L的烧杯内进行,试验期间温度(20.0±1.0)℃,pH 6.5～7.0,试验时间7.5 h。结果显示:环棱螺和河蚬摄食率的峰值分别为10.15、4.40μg/(kg·min),滤水率峰值分别为744.08、647.57 mL/(kg·min),对小球藻的清除率峰值分别为91.31%、 65.38%;除0.5、 2.5 h外,环棱螺摄食率、滤水率及对小球藻的清除率均显著高于河蚬(P0.05)。环棱螺和河蚬均具有较强的小球藻清除能力,但环棱螺对小球藻的清除能力要高于河蚬,作为贝类控藻方面的生态修复工具种具有较大的潜力。     

A simple method for estimating nitrate removal from floodwaters in river marginal wetlands

Abstract. Soil cores from river marginal wetlands in the UK, France and Ireland, sampled and contained within PVC piping, were flooded with nitrate-N enriched water. Half of the cores were sterilized prior to flooding to destroy the denitrifying bacteria. The change in nitrate-N concentration in the floodwater was measured over time. It is argued that the observed nitrate depletion rates (from 0.4 to 2.3 kg/ha per day) may be identified With microbially-mediated denitrification. The results show the method to be a simple and direct procedure for the assessment of spatial variation in nitrate-sink capacity. The depth of the denitrifying layer at the soil-water interface was confirmed to be of the order of a few mm.